Tachibana Muneshige

Tachibana Muneshige
立花宗茂
Tachibana Muneshige
Head of Tachibana clan
In office 1581–1642
Preceded by	Tachibana Dōsetsu
Succeeded by	Tachibana Tadashige
Lord of Tanagura
In office 1603–1620
Succeeded by	Niwa Nagashige
Lord of Yanagawa
In office 1620–?
Preceded by	Tanaka Tadamasa
Succeeded by	Tachibana Tadashige
Personal details
Born	Senkumamaru (千熊丸) December 18, 1567
Died	November 15, 1643(1643-11-15) (aged 75)
Nationality	Japanese
Spouse	Tachibana Ginchiyo
Parent	Takahashi Shigetane (father)
Relatives	Tachibana Dōsetsu (father-in-law)
Other name	Tachibana Munetora (立花宗虎 or 立花統虎)
Military service
Allegiance	Tachibana clan Ōtomo clan Toyotomi clan Western Army Tokugawa shogunate
Unit	Takahashi clan
Battles/wars	Kyūshū Campaign Siege of Odawara Korean Campaign Siege of Ōtsu Siege of Yanagawa Siege of Osaka Shimabara Rebellion

Tachibana Muneshige (立花宗茂, December 18, 1567 – November 15, 1643), known in his youth as Senkumamaru (千熊丸) and alternatively called Tachibana Munetora (立花宗虎 or 立花統虎), was a samurai during the Azuchi–Momoyama period and an Edo-period daimyō.

He was the eldest biological son of Takahashi Shigetane, a senior retainer of Ōtomo clan.^[1] He was adopted by Tachibana Dōsetsu,^[1] and later married his daughter Tachibana Ginchiyo, succeeding the Tachibana clan.

His height, estimated from the armor he was wearing, was about 175-180 cm.^[2][3] Also, from the stories of Honda Tadakatsu, It was suggested that Muneshige was tall and rode a large horse.^[4] Muneshige also received the license from the Hekiryu school from Omura Tsuneyoshi in 1590, Nakae Shinpachi in October 1601, and Yoshida Shigetake in 1602, In school of archery.^[5][6][7]

Biography

In July 27 1581, Tachibana Dōsetsu and Takahashi Shigetane Shigetane fought against Tsukushi Hirokado and Akizuki Tanezane in the second battle of Dazaifu Kanzeon-ji. It is in this battle that, Takahashi Munetora, who will be known as Tachibana Muneshige, saw his first notable action.^[8][9] Contemporary Italian jesuit Alessandro Valignano has recorded that Muneshige was adopted as son by Dōsetsu and inherited the Tachibana clan.^[10] Then, as he secured the adoption, Dōsetsu immediately changed the lordships of Tachibana clan from his daughter, Ginchiyo, to Muneshige.^[11][12] On November 6, Dōsetsu marched to Kama and Honami along with Muneshige and, and Shigetane. While on their way to the rescue of Kutami Akiyasu, the Tachibana and Takahashi forces received information that Akiyasu had safely retreated after fighting Akizuki Tanezane and Monjūjo Munekage (the great uncle of Munekage) in the Battle of Haratsuru, so they retreated. However, Tanezane forces turns out still pursuing them. Both fierce battles resulted in over 1,000 casualties, including over 300 casualties from Tachibana and Takahashi, and 760 for the Akizuki clan.^[a]

On April 16, 1582, during the Battle of Iwato against the combined forces of 2,000 from the Akizuki, Harada, and Munakata clans, Dōsetsu led a 500-strong ambush force and surrounded his 1,000-strong main force. 300 of Muneshige's troops launched a surprise attack from the side with guns, while the remaining 200 soldiers were led by Komono Masutoki, who set up a false flag to make it look like reinforcements from the Otomo clan were coming, and finally managed to lift the siege. Muneshige then led 1,000 cavalry including Komono Masutoki, Korenobu Yufu, and Shigeyuki Ono, eliminating 300 of the Harada general's troops, Kasa Okinaga, who had built a fort at Iwatosho Kubeno, killing 150 of them, and pursuing them west to Sawara County, where he burned down Harada Chikahide's Sawara Castle.^{[20][21][22][23]}

In 1587, Muneshige involved in the suppression of rebels from Amakusa. In this campaign, a famous Tokugawa clan warrior, Mizuno Katsunari, served under Muneshige.^[24][25]

in 1597 during the Keicho Korean Invasion, Muneshige was not incorporated into the invading army but was ordered to defend Busan.^[26] Later, there is change of plan in operation as now Mori Yoshinari assigned to the defense of Busan, while Muneshige was assigned to the defense of Goseong and Angolpo Japanese castles. In the subsequent First Battle of Ulsan Castle, he was in charge of the defense of Goseong Japanese castle, and is said to have participated in the battle two days later.^[27]

In 1600, at Sekigahara campaign, he sided with the 'Western army'.^[1] Muneshige manage to force the Eastern army warlord Kyōgoku Takatsugu to surrender in the Siege of Ōtsu.^[28] However, after learning that the Western Army had been annihilated in the battle of Sekigahara, he returned to Osaka Castle.^[29] At first, Muneshige urged Mōri Terumoto to prepare resistance in Osaka castle against the Eastern army. However, Terumoto decided that he did not want to resist against the Eastern army, and rather submitted to Tokugawa Ieyasu as he marched to Osaka castle.^[30] Later, Muneshige surrendered to Tokugawa after the Siege of Yanagawa under the assumption that he could then switch sides and aid the Tokugawa-loyal forces against the Shimazu clan of Satsuma. After the battle of Sekigahara, he was deprived of the Yanagawa Domain for punishment by Tokugawa Ieyasu.^[1]

in 1603, Muneshige went down to Edo, and with the help of Honda Tadakatsu, began living in seclusion at the Hosshō-ji Temple in Takada with his attendants, including Korenobu Yufu and Totoki Tsunetada. In 1604, he was summoned to Edo Castle on Tadakatsu's recommendation. Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu, who knew Muneshige's abilities well, awarded him 5,000 koku as the Shogunate's Goinbanto (head of the Shogun's personal guards). Soon after, he was selected as one of the attendant of his eldest son, Tokugawa Hidetada, and in 1606, he was given 10,000 koku in Mutsu Tanagura (Nango) and returned to his position as a daimyo. At this time, he changed his name from Naomasa to Toshimasa.^[31]

In 1614, He participated in the Siege of Osaka as military advisor of the second shogun, Tokugawa Hidetada, as his military strategist and in charge of guarding the area.^[32] Muneshige correctly predicted the movements of the general of Toyotomi, Ono Harufusa's troops and guided Hidetada's troops.^[33]

After the campaign against Toyotomi Hideyori ended in1615 and later he was brought back to the former territory, Yanagawa.^[1]

In 1637, Muneshige served in the shogunate army during the Shimabara Rebellion (1637-1638), a revolt involving mostly Japanese peasants, most of them Catholics. He was then given a small territory in Tanagura.^[1]

Muneshige in popular culture

See People of the Sengoku period in popular culture.

Honours

• Junior Third Rank (November 10, 1915; posthumous)

Appendix

Foot notes

References

Bibliography

• Alessandro Valignano (1954). Luis Alvarez-Taladriz, José (ed.). Sumario de las cosas de Japón (1583) Adiciones del Sumario de Japón (1592) · Volume 1 (in Spanish). Sophia University. pp. 114–6. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
• Stephen Turnbull (2003). Samurai: The World of the Warrior. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1841767406.
• Yano Kazutada (1926). 筑後国史 : 原名・筑後将士軍談 上巻 (in Japanese). 筑後遺籍刊行会. p. 190. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
• Kazutada, Yano (1926). 『筑後将士軍談』 卷之第十四 高橋紹運取返米山付統虎初陣石垣山合戦 ["Military Tales of the Chikugo Shoguns" Volume 14: Takahashi Shouun's Return to Yoneyama and Tora's First Battle at Ishigakiyama] (in Japanese). 筑後遺籍刊行会. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
• Yoshiaki Kusudo (2009). 戦国名将・智将・梟将の至言. 学研M文庫. 学習研究社. ISBN 978-4-05-901239-9.
• Yoshinaga, Masaharu (1977). 筑前戦国史 [Chikuzen Sengoku History]. 葦書房.ASIN B000J8REN4
• Yoshinaga Masaharu (2009). 筑前戦国史 [Chikuzen Sengoku History] (in Japanese). 海鳥. ISBN 9784874157398. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
• Nakano Anai (2012). 中野等、穴井綾香 著、柳川市史編集委員会 編『柳川の歴史4 (in Japanese). 柳川市. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
• Banri Hoashi (1835). 国書データベース: 井樓纂聞 梅岳公遺事 [Kokusho Sōmokuroku: Seirousanbun: The Iji of Lord Baigaku] (in Japanese). Niigata University Library. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
• Genjō Sanjin. Kyūshū sengokushi: Bekki gundan. Tōkyō: Rekishi Toshosha, 1978. OCLC 70792159
• Kawamura, Tetsuo. Tachibana Muneshige. Fukuoka-shi: Nishi Nihon Shinbunsha, 1999. ISBN 4816704884 OCLC 44470864
• Nakano, Hitoshi. Tachibana Muneshige. Tōkyō: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 2001. ISBN 4642052208 OCLC 46390748
• Tachibana, Muneshige, and Tōun Hasegawa. Ehon hōkan. Setsuyō [Osaka]: Kankidō Shigeyuki, 1688. OCLC 26843338

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