Tundra wolf

Subspecies of carnivore

Tundra wolf

Taxidermy exhibit at the Museum of Zoology, St. Petersburg
Conservation status
Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)^[1] (Finland)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Canidae
Genus:	Canis
Species:	C. lupus
Subspecies:	C. l. albus
Trinomial name
*Canis lupus albus* Kerr, 1792

Tundra wolf range
Synonyms^[2]
Canis lupus dybowskii (Domaniewski, 1926) Canis lupus kamtschaticus (Dybowski, 1922) Canis lupus turuchanensis (Ognev, 1923)

The tundra wolf (Canis lupus albus), also known as the Turukhan wolf,^[3] is a subspecies of grey wolf native to Eurasia's tundra and forest-tundra zones from Finland to the Kamchatka Peninsula.^[3] It was first described in 1792 by Robert Kerr, who described it as living around the Yenisei, and of having a highly valued pelt.^[4]

Description

It is a large subspecies, with adult males measuring 118–137 cm (46.5–54 in) in body length, and females 112–136 cm (44–53.5 in). Although often written to be larger than C. l. lupus, this is untrue, as heavier members of the latter subspecies have been recorded. Average weight is 40–49 kg (88–108 lb) for males and 36.6–41 kg (81–90 lb) for females. The highest weight recorded among 500 wolves caught in the Taymyr Peninsula and the Kanin Peninsula during 1951-1961 was from an old male killed on the Taymyr at the north of the Dudypta River weighing 52 kg (115 lb). The fur is very long, dense, fluffy, and soft, and is usually light grey in colour. The lower fur is lead-grey and the upper fur is reddish-grey.^[5]

Habitat

The tundra wolf generally rests in river valleys, thickets and forest clearings.^[6] In winter it feeds almost exclusively on female or young wild and domestic reindeer, though hares, arctic foxes and other animals are sometimes targeted. The stomach contents of 74 wolves caught in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the 1950s were found to consist of 93.1% reindeer remains. In the summer period, tundra wolves feed extensively on birds and small rodents, as well as newborn reindeer calves.^[7]

Reference

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^ "The revival of wolves and other large predators and its impact on farmers and their livelihood in rural regions of Europe" (PDF). europarl.europa.eu.
^ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^ ^a ^b Mech, L. David (1981), The Wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species, University of Minnesota Press, p. 353, ISBN 0-8166-1026-6
^ Kerr, R. (1792), The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnæus: containing a complete systematic description, arrangement, and nomenclature, of all the known species and varieties of the mammalia, or animals which give suck to their young, Printed for A. Strahan, and T. Cadell, London, and W. Creech, Edinburgh, p. 137
^ Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, pp. 182-184, ISBN 1-886106-81-9
^ Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, p. 210, ISBN 1-886106-81-9
^ Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, p. 216, ISBN 1-886106-81-9