Xinjiang ground jay

Species of bird

Xinjiang ground jay
Illustration by John Gerrard Keulemans in 1891
Conservation status

Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Corvidae
Genus: Podoces
Species:
P. biddulphi
Binomial name
Podoces biddulphi
Hume, 1874

Xinjiang ground jay (Podoces biddulphi) or Biddulph's ground jay, is a species of bird in the family Corvidae. It is endemic to China. It is not larger than an adult human's hand and has a brownish white coat of feathers.

Since 2004, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed the jay's conservation status as "Near Threatened" due to habitat fragmentation and degradation.[1] Its population is small, and its range is limited.[2]

Breeding

The breeding season lasts from March to May.[2] Females incubate clutches of 1-3 eggs for 18 days[2] in open[3] nests; they mainly incubate in the morning, and spend more time doing so if temperatures are low. When temperatures are high, they also shade the clutch. They prefer to nest toward the center of oases.[2]

Parents share feeding duties.[2]

Xinjiang ground jays are monogamous. They exhibit sexual dimorphism, and males are larger than females.[2]

They are sometimes attracted to human-influenced areas such as highways,[4] but prefer not to nest near them.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2017). "Podoces biddulphi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22705888A111661838. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22705888A111661838.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Wang, Kechun; Tong, Yuping; Xu, Wenxuan; Blank, David; Yang, Weikang; Xu, Feng (November 2023). "Breeding biology of the Xinjiang ground-jay Podoces biddulphi in the Taklimakan Desert, NW China". Global Ecology and Conservation. 47: e02690. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02690. ISSN 2351-9894.
  3. ^ "Figure 1: Variation in egg reflectance under five treatments over 7 days". doi:10.7717/peerj.11725/fig-1. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  4. ^ Bunce, R.G.H.; Bogers, M.M.B.; Evans, D.; Jongman, R.H.G. (October 2013). "Field identification of habitats directive Annex I habitats as a major European biodiversity indicator". Ecological Indicators. 33: 105–110. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.10.004. ISSN 1470-160X.
  5. ^ Madge, Steve (2020-03-04), Del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David; De Juana, Eduardo (eds.), "Iranian Ground-Jay (Podoces pleskei)", Birds of the World, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, doi:10.2173/bow.irgjay1.01, S2CID 216272694, retrieved 2023-12-26
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Extant species of family Corvidae
Family Corvidae
Choughs
Pyrrhocorax
  • Alpine chough (P. graculus)
  • Red-billed chough (P. pyrrhocorax)
Treepies
Crypsirina
  • Hooded treepie (C. cucullata)
  • Black racket-tailed treepie (C. temia)
Dendrocitta
  • Andaman treepie (D. bayleyi)
  • Bornean treepie (D. cinerascens)
  • Grey treepie (D. formosae)
  • Black-faced treepie (D. frontalis)
  • White-bellied treepie (D. leucogastra)
  • Sumatran treepie (D. occipitalis)
  • Rufous treepie (D. vagabunda)
Platysmurus
  • Malayan black magpie (P. leucopterus)
  • Bornean black magpie (P. aterrimus)
Temnurus
  • Ratchet-tailed treepie (T. temnurus)
Oriental
magpies
Cissa
  • Common green magpie (C. chinensis)
  • Indochinese green magpie (C. hypoleuca)
  • Bornean green magpie (C. jefferyi)
  • Javan green magpie (C. thalassina)
Urocissa
  • Taiwan blue magpie (U. caerulea)
  • Red-billed blue magpie (U. erythrorhyncha)
  • Yellow-billed blue magpie (U. flavirostris)
  • Sri Lanka blue magpie (U. ornata)
  • White-winged magpie (U. whiteheadi)
Old World jays
Garrulus
  • Eurasian jay (G. glandarius)
  • Lanceolated jay (G. lanceolatus)
  • Lidth's jay (G. lidthi)
Podoces
(Ground jays)
  • Xinjiang ground jay (P. biddulphi)
  • Mongolian ground jay (P. hendersoni)
  • Turkestan ground jay (P. panderi)
  • Iranian ground jay (P. pleskei)
Ptilostomus
  • Piapiac (P. afer)
Stresemann's
bushcrow
Zavattariornis
  • Stresemann's bushcrow (Z. stresemanni)
Family Corvidae (continued)
Nutcrackers
Nucifraga
  • Spotted nutcracker (N. caryocatactes)
  • Clark's nutcracker (N. columbiana)
  • Kashmir nutcracker (N. multipunctata)
Holarctic
magpies
Pica
  • Black-billed magpie (P. hudsonia)
  • Yellow-billed magpie (P. nuttalli)
  • Eurasian magpie (P. pica)
  • Oriental magpie (P. sericea)
  • Maghreb magpie (P. mauritanica)
  • Asir magpie (P. asirensis)
  • Black-rumped magpie (P. bottanensis)
True crows
Corvus
Australian and Melanesian species
Little crow (C. bennetti)
Australian raven (C. coronoides)
Bismarck crow (C. insularis)
Brown-headed crow (C. fuscicapillus)
Bougainville crow (C. meeki)
Little raven (C. mellori)
New Caledonian crow (C. moneduloides)
Torresian crow (C. orru)
Forest raven (C. tasmanicus)
Grey crow (C. tristis)
Long-billed crow (C. validus)
White-billed crow (C. woodfordi)
Pacific island species
Hawaiian crow (C. hawaiiensis)
Mariana crow (C. kubaryi)
Tropical Asian species
Slender-billed crow (C. enca)
Small crow (C. samarensis)
Palawan crow (C. pusillus)
Flores crow (C. florensis)
Large-billed crow (C. macrorhynchos)
Eastern jungle crow (C. levaillantii)
Indian jungle crow (C. culminatus)
House crow (C. splendens)
Collared crow (C. torquatus)
Piping crow (C. typicus)
Banggai crow (C. unicolor)
Violet crow (C. violaceus)
Eurasian and North African species
Mesopotamian crow (C. capellanus)
Hooded crow (C. cornix)
Carrion crow (C. corone)
Rook (C. frugilegus)
Eastern carrion crow (C. orientalis)
Fan-tailed raven (C. rhipidurus)
Brown-necked raven (C. ruficollis)
Holarctic species
Common raven (C. corax)
North and Central American species
American crow (C. brachyrhynchos)
Chihuahuan raven (C. cryptoleucus)
Tamaulipas crow (C. imparatus)
Jamaican crow (C. jamaicensis)
White-necked crow (C. leucognaphalus)
Cuban palm crow (C. minutus)
Cuban crow (C. nasicus)
Fish crow (C. ossifragus)
Hispaniolan palm crow (C. palmarum)
Sinaloan crow (C. sinaloae)
Tropical African species
White-necked raven (C. albicollis)
Pied crow (C. albus)
Cape crow (C. capensis)
Thick-billed raven (C. crassirostris)
Somali crow (C. edithae)
Jackdaws
Coloeus
Family Corvidae (continued)
Azure-winged
magpies
Cyanopica
  • Iberian magpie (C. cooki)
  • Azure-winged magpie (C. cyanus)
Grey jays
Perisoreus
  • Canada jay (P. canadensis)
  • Siberian jay (P. infaustus)
  • Sichuan jay (P. internigrans)
New World jays
Aphelocoma
(Scrub jays)
  • California scrub jay (A. californica)
  • Island scrub jay (A. insularis)
  • Woodhouse's scrub jay (A. woodhouseii)
  • Florida scrub jay (A. coerulescens)
  • Transvolcanic jay (A. ultramarina)
  • Unicolored jay (A. unicolor)
  • Mexican jay (A. wollweberi)
Calocitta
(Magpie-Jays)
  • Black-throated magpie-jay (C. colliei)
  • White-throated Magpie-jay (C. formosa)
Cyanocitta
  • Blue jay (C. cristata)
  • Steller's jay (C. stelleri)
Cyanocorax
  • Black-chested jay (C. affinis)
  • Purplish-backed jay (C. beecheii)
  • Azure jay (C. caeruleus)
  • Cayenne jay (C. cayanus)
  • Plush-crested jay (C. chrysops)
  • Curl-crested jay (C. cristatellus)
  • Purplish jay (C. cyanomelas)
  • White-naped jay (C. cyanopogon)
  • Tufted jay (C. dickeyi)
  • Azure-naped jay (C. heilprini)
  • Bushy-crested jay (C. melanocyaneus)
  • Brown jay (C. morio)
  • White-tailed jay (C. mystacalis)
  • San Blas jay (C. sanblasianus)
  • Violaceous jay (C. violaceus)
  • Green jay (C. ynca)
  • Yucatan jay (C. yucatanicus)
Cyanolyca
  • Silvery-throated jay (C. argentigula)
  • Black-collared jay (C. armillata)
  • Azure-hooded jay (C. cucullata)
  • White-throated jay (C. mirabilis)
  • Dwarf jay (C. nana)
  • Beautiful jay (C. pulchra)
  • Black-throated jay (C. pumilo)
  • Turquoise jay (C. turcosa)
  • White-collared jay (C. viridicyana)
Gymnorhinus
  • Pinyon jay (G. cyanocephalus)
Taxon identifiers
Podoces biddulphi


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