Zhang Peiyuan

Zhang Peiyuan
Born	c. 1894
Died	1 June 1934 (age 39 or 40) Xinjiang, China
Allegiance	Republic of China
Years of service	1929–1934
Rank	general
Unit	Ili garrison
Commands held	Governor of Ili
Battles/wars	Kumul Rebellion First Battle of Urumqi (1933) Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang

Zhang Peiyuan (traditional Chinese: 張培元) (c. 1894 – 1 June 1934) was a Han chinese general, commander of the Ili garrison. He fought against Uighur and Tungans during the Kumul revolt, but then secretly negotiated with the Tungan general Ma Zhongying to form an alliance against Sheng Shicai and the Soviet Union.^[1]^[2] Zhang's army had about 3,000 soldiers.^[3] They almost destroyed Sheng's armies but then the Soviet Union invaded Xinjiang and overran Zhang's forces.^[4] Zhang committed suicide to avoid capture by the Soviets at the Muzart Pass during a snow storm.^[5]^[6]

References

^ David D. Wang (1999). Under the Soviet shadow: the Yining Incident : ethnic conflicts and international rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944–1949. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. p. 52. ISBN 962-201-831-9.
^ Pʻing Cheng (1989). Xinjiang: the land and the people. New World Press. p. 54. ISBN 7-80005-078-5.
^ Howard L. Boorman; Richard C. Howard; Joseph K. H. Cheng (1970). Biographical dictionary of Republican China, Volume 3. Columbia University Press. p. 122. ISBN 0-231-08957-0.
^ James A. Millward (2007). Eurasian crossroads: a history of Xinjiang. New York City: Columbia University Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3.
^ Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. pp. 120, 238. ISBN 0-521-25514-7.
^ David D. Wang (1999). Under the Soviet shadow: the Yining Incident : ethnic conflicts and international rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944-1949. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. p. 53. ISBN 962-201-831-9.

Warlord Era and warlordism during the Nanjing decade

1915–1924

1925–1934

Factions

1911–1914	Bai Lang Rebellion
1913	Second Revolution
1915	Twenty-One Demands
1915–1916	Empire of China (Yuan Shikai) National Protection War
1916	Death of Yuan Shikai
1917	Manchu Restoration
1917–1922	Constitutional Protection Movement
1917–1929	Golok rebellions
1918–1920	Siberian intervention
1919	Paris Peace Conference Shandong Problem May Fourth Movement
1919–1921	Occupation of Outer Mongolia
1920	Zhili–Anhui War
1920–1921	Guangdong–Guangxi War
1920–1926	Spirit Soldier rebellions
1921	1st National CPC Congress
1921–1922	Washington Naval Conference
1922	First Zhili–Fengtian War
1923–1927	First United Front
1923	Lincheng Outrage
1924	Second Zhili–Fengtian War Canton Merchants' Corps Uprising Beijing Coup

1925	Yunnan–Guangxi War May Thirtieth Movement
1925–1926	Anti-Fengtian War Canton–Hong Kong strike
1926	Zhongshan Warship Incident
1926–1928	Northern Expedition Nanjing–Wuhan Split Nationalist-Communist Civil War
1927	Nanking incident of 1927
1927	Shanghai Commune of 1927
1927	Shanghai massacre
1927	July 15 Incident
1927–1930	Muslim conflict in Gansu
1928	Jinan incident Huanggutun incident Looting of the Eastern Mausoleum Northeast Flag Replacement
1928–1929	Third Red Spears' uprising in Shandong
1929	Chiang-Gui War Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong (incl. Beijing Revolt) Sino-Soviet conflict
1930	Central Plains War
1930–1932	Sino-Tibetan War / Qinghai–Tibet War
1931–1935	Kumul Rebellion / Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
1932	Han–Liu War
1932	Two-Liu war
1934	War in Ningxia