Lepezari

Lepezari
Vremenski raspon: 125–0 Ma
PreЄ
Є
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
 sredina krede - sadašnjost
mužjak
Naučna klasifikacija e
Domen: Eukaryota
Carstvo: Animalia
Tip: Arthropoda
Klasa: Insecta
(nerangirano): Eumetabola
(nerangirano): Endopterygota
Red: Strepsiptera
Kirby, 1813
Familije

Bahiaxenidae
Bohartillidae
Callipharixenidae
Corioxenidae
†Cretostylopidae
Elenchidae
Halictophagidae
†Mengeidae
Mengenillidae
Myrmecolacidae
†Protoxenidae
Stylopidae

Lepezari (Strepsiptera) endopterigotni red su insekata sa devet postojećih familija, koje obuhvataju preko 600 opisanih vrsta. Oni su endoparaziti u drugim insektima, kao što su pčele, ose, cikade, raklje, i buvašvabe. Ženke većine vrsta nikad se ne pomaljaju iz domaćina nakon ulaska u njegovo telo, i konačno umiru unutar njega. Larve ranog stupnja se pojavljuju, jer one moraju da pronađu nezauzetog živog domaćina, a kratkoživući mužjaci se pojavljuju da bi tražili prijemčivu ženku u njenom domaćinu.[1] Ovaj red nije dobro poznat izvan stručnih krugova.[2][3]

Ime im dolazi iz grčke reči streptos = zasukano, pleteno. Životni ciklus se sastoji od četiri razvojna stadijuma (potpuna metamorfoza), jaje, larva, lutka, imago. Imago može da naraste od 0,4 do 35 mm, ali je uglavnom sitniji od 6 milimetara. Kod lepezara samo mužjaci imaju krila. Ženke zbog svog parazitskog oblika života nemaju krila, niti pipke. Mužjaci imaju razvijen samo stražnji par krila, dok su im od prednjeg para krila ostale samo haltere. Mužjaci se često mogu videti kako lete oko cveća, to rade zato što ženke većinom parazitiraju na redu Hymenoptera kojima je prehrana bazirana na cvetnom nektaru i peludi. Kopulacija se odvija tako što mužjak penetrira pod neodređeni deo ženkinog egzoskeletona, jer ženka nema kopulatorne organe. Larve se legu u telu ženke te se prvo hrane njezinom unutrašnjosti, a nakon što iscrpe telo ženke hrane se telom domaćina.

Klasifikacija

Rodovi

  • Australoxenos Kathirithamby, 1990
  • Bahiaxenos Bravo, Pohl, Silva-Neto and Beutel, 2009
  • Blattodeaphagus Kathirithamby, 1992
  • Blissoxenos Miyamoto and Kifune, 1984
  • Bohartilla Kinzelbach, 1969
  • Caenocholax Pierce, 1909
  • Callipharixenos Pierce, 1918
  • Colacina Westwood, 1877
  • Congoxenus Kinzelbach, 1972
  • Coriophagus Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Corioxenos Blair, 1936
  • Crawfordia Pierce, 1908
  • Cretostylops Grimaldi and Kathirithamby in Grimaldi et al., 2005
  • Deinelenchus Perkins, 1905
  • Dipterophagus Drew and Allwood, 1985
  • Dundoxenos Luna de Carvalho, 1956
  • Elencholax Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Elenchus Curtis, 1831
  • Eocenoxenos Henderickx and Bosselaers in Henderickx et al., 2013
  • Eoxenos Peyerimhoff, 1919
  • Eurystylops Bohart, 1943
  • Floridoxenos Kathirithamby and Peck, 1994
  • Halictophagus Dale in Curtis, 1832
  • Halictoxenos Pierce, 1908
  • Hylecthrus Saunders, 1850
  • Jantarostylops Kulicka, 2001
  • Kinzelbachus Özdikmen, 2009
  • Loania Kinzelbach, 1970
  • Lychnocolax Bohart, 1951
  • Malagasyxenos Cook and Tribull, 2013
  • Malayaxenos Kifune, 1981
  • Melittostylops Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Mengea Grote, 1886
  • Mengenilla Hofeneder, 1910
  • Mufagaa Kinzelbach, 1980
  • Myrmecolax Westwood, 1861
  • Palaeomyrmecolax Kulicka, 2001
  • Paragioxenos Ogloblin, 1923
  • Paraxenos Saunders, 1872
  • Proceroxenos Pohl, Katbeh-Bader and Schneider, 1996
  • Protelencholax Kinzelbach, 1979
  • Protoxenos Pohl, Beutel and Kinzelbach, 2005
  • Pseudococcites Haupt, 1950
  • Pseudoxenos Saunders, 1872
  • Rozenia Straka, Juzová and Batelka, 2014
  • Stenocranophilus Pierce, 1914
  • Stichotrema Hofeneder, 1910
  • Stylops Kirby, 1802
  • Tridactylophagus Subramaniam, 1932
  • Triozocera Pierce, 1909
  • Uniclavus Kathirithamby, 1989
  • Viridipromontoxius Luna de Carvalho, 1985
  • Xenos Rossius, 1793

Vrste

  • Australoxenos yetmaniensis Kathirithamby, 1990
  • Bahiaxenos relictus Bravo, Pohl, Silva-Neto and Beutel, 2009
  • Blattodeaphagus beckmani Kathirithamby, 1989
  • Blattodeaphagus iriomotensis Kathirithamby and Kifune, 1994
  • Blissoxenos esakii Miyamoto and Kifune, 1984
  • Bohartilla joachimscheveni Kinzelbach and Pohl, 1994
  • Bohartilla kinzelbachi Kathirithamby and Grimaldi, 1993
  • Bohartilla megalognatha Kinzelbach, 1969
  • Caenocholax brodzinskyi Kathirithamby and Grimaldi, 1993
  • Caenocholax dominicensis Kathirithamby and Grimaldi, 1993
  • Caenocholax fenyesi Pierce, 1909
  • Caenocholax groehni Kathirithamby and Henderickx, 2008
  • Callipharixenos muiri Pierce, 1918
  • Callipharixenos philippines Kathirithamby and McMahon in Kathirithamby et al., 2012
  • Callipharixenos siamensis (Pierce, 1918)
  • Colacina insidiator Westwood, 1877
  • Congoxenus stami Kinzelbach, 1972
  • Coriophagus adebratti Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Coriophagus borneensis Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Coriophagus casui Cowley, 1984
  • Coriophagus gressittorum Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Coriophagus jennyae Kogan, 2012
  • Coriophagus latimanus Luna de Carvalho, 1972
  • Coriophagus lockerbiensis Kathirithamby, 1992
  • Coriophagus maai Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Coriophagus medleri Luna de Carvalho, 1972
  • Coriophagus monteithi Kathirithamby, 1992
  • Coriophagus rieki Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Coriophagus solomonensis Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Coriophagus zanzibarae (Bohart, 1962)
  • Corioxenos acucyrtophallus Cook, 2001
  • Corioxenos antestiae Blair, 1936
  • Corioxenos raoi Baliga, 1967
  • Crawfordia acincta Kogan, 1989
  • Crawfordia californica Pierce, 1918
  • Crawfordia cockerelli Pierce, 1909
  • Crawfordia labiata (Ogloblin, 1924)
  • Crawfordia labrosi Pierce, 1911
  • Crawfordia labrosiformidis Pierce, 1918
  • Crawfordia lopesi Kogan, 1989
  • Crawfordia pulvinipes (Pierce, 1904)
  • Crawfordia warnckei (Kinzelbach, 1970)
  • Cretostylops engeli Grimaldi and Kathirithamby in Grimaldi et al., 2005
  • Deinelenchus australensis Perkins, 1905
  • Deinelenchus berrimahensis Kathirithamby, 1989
  • Deinelenchus deviatus Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Deinelenchus hamifer Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Deinelenchus nigeriensis Luna de Carvalho, 1972
  • Deinelenchus sabahensis Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Dipterophagus daci Drew and Allwood, 1985
  • Dundoxenos breviphlebos Pohl, Katbeh-Bader and Schneider, 1996
  • Dundoxenos kinzelbachi Luna de Carvalho, 1985
  • Dundoxenos vilhenai Luna de Carvalho, 1956
  • Elencholax bismarcharum Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Elencholax noonadanae Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Elenchus butzei Brailovsky, 1981
  • Elenchus delicatus De Santis and de Sureda, 1993
  • Elenchus eastopi J. Fox, 1967
  • Elenchus falcipennis Luna de Carvalho, 1956
  • Elenchus globulosus Trois, 1982
  • Elenchus japonicus (Esaki and Hashimoto, 1931)
  • Elenchus koebelei (Pierce, 1908)
  • Elenchus leptodalphaxi Luna de Carvalho, 1978
  • Elenchus maorianus Gourlay, 1953
  • Elenchus melanias Perkins, 1910
  • Elenchus mexicanus (Pierce, 1961)
  • Elenchus perkinsi (Pierce, 1909)
  • Elenchus perkinsianus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Elenchus solomonensis (J. Fox, 1967)
  • Elenchus spangleri (J. Fox, 1968)
  • Elenchus templetonii Westwood, 1836
  • Elenchus tenuicornis (Kirby, 1815)
  • Elenchus toyaphagus Luna de Carvalho, 1978
  • Elenchus varleyi Kathirithamby, 1989
  • Eocenoxenos palintropos Henderickx and Bosselaers in Henderickx et al., 2013
  • Eoxenos laboulbenei Peyerimhoff, 1919
  • Eurystylops conanthalicti Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Eurystylops desertorum (Bohart, 1941)
  • Eurystylops oenipontana Hofeneder, 1949
  • Eurystylops sierrensis Bohart, 1978
  • Eurystylops tetonensis Bohart, 1943
  • Floridoxenos monroensis Kathirithamby and Peck, 1994
  • Halictophagus abdominalis Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Halictophagus acutus Bohart, 1943
  • Halictophagus agalliae Abdul-Nour, 1970
  • Halictophagus americanus Perkins, 1905
  • Halictophagus ancylophallus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Halictophagus angustipes Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Halictophagus antennalis Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Halictophagus ararensis Trois, 1988
  • Halictophagus australensis Perkins, 1905
  • Halictophagus barberi (Pierce, 1908)
  • Halictophagus besucheti Luna de Carvalho, 1978
  • Halictophagus bidentatus Bohart, 1941
  • Halictophagus bipunctatus Yang, 1955
  • Halictophagus brevipenis Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Halictophagus calcaratus Pasteels, 1958
  • Halictophagus callosus Bohart, 1943
  • Halictophagus chantaneeae Kifune and Hirashima, 1983
  • Halictophagus chilensis Hofmann, 1965
  • Halictophagus chinensis Bohart, 1943
  • Halictophagus cladoceras (Jeannel, 1913)
  • Halictophagus compactus (Pierce, 1914)
  • Halictophagus curtisii Dale in Curtis, 1832
  • Halictophagus desantisi (Remes Lenicov, 1970)
  • Halictophagus dominicus Cook, 2013
  • Halictophagus elongatus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Halictophagus endrodyi Luna de Carvalho, 1973
  • Halictophagus eurycephalus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Halictophagus euryscelis Tribull and Cook, 2011
  • Halictophagus forthoodiensis Kathirithamby and Taylor, 2005
  • Halictophagus fulmeki (Hofeneder, 1927)
  • Halictophagus ghanensis Luna de Carvalho, 1973
  • Halictophagus gioachinlunai Luna de Carvalho, 1990
  • Halictophagus gressitti Bohart, 1943
  • Halictophagus griveaudi (Paulian, 1959)
  • Halictophagus haydari Abdul-Nour, 1985
  • Halictophagus henriquei Luna de Carvalho, 1972
  • Halictophagus hirashimai Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Halictophagus indicus Bohart, 1943
  • Halictophagus insularum (Pierce, 1908)
  • Halictophagus iriomotensis Hirashima and Kifune, 1978
  • Halictophagus irwini Riek, 1975
  • Halictophagus jacobsoni de Meijere, 1908
  • Halictophagus javanensis (Pierce, 1918)
  • Halictophagus jordani (Pierce, 1952)
  • Halictophagus kamandulaphagus Luna de Carvalho, 1978
  • Halictophagus kifunei Chaudhuri and Das Gupta, 1983
  • Halictophagus kinzelbachi Luna de Carvalho, 1973
  • Halictophagus kuehnelti Hofeneder, 1949
  • Halictophagus languedoci Abdul-Nour, 1969
  • Halictophagus lappidae Oliveira and Kogan, 1960
  • Halictophagus libetarioi Barrion and Litsinger, 1989
  • Halictophagus longipenis Kifune, 1981
  • Halictophagus lopesi Oliveira and Kogan, 1959
  • Halictophagus mackayi (Bohart, 1937)
  • Halictophagus macrostelesi Abdul-Nour, 2001
  • Halictophagus malayanus Kifune, 1981
  • Halictophagus membraciphaga (Subramaniam, 1927)
  • Halictophagus minimus Kifune and Hirashima, 1983
  • Halictophagus minutus Kathirithamby, 1992
  • Halictophagus moorookensis Kathirithamby, 1992
  • Halictophagus naulti Kathirithamby and Moya-Raygoza, 2000
  • Halictophagus obtusae Bohart, 1943
  • Halictophagus omani Bohart, 1943
  • Halictophagus oncometopiae (Pierce, 1918)
  • Halictophagus orientalis (Esaki and Hashimoto, 1931)
  • Halictophagus palmae Kathirithamby and Ponnamma, 2000
  • Halictophagus peradeniya (Pierce, 1911)
  • Halictophagus phaeodes Perkins, 1905
  • Halictophagus philaroniae Bohart, 1946
  • Halictophagus piperi Bohart, 1943
  • Halictophagus placula (Remes Lenicov and Teson, 1975)
  • Halictophagus pontifex J. Fox, 1967
  • Halictophagus radialis Kifune and Hirashima, 1983
  • Halictophagus recurvatus Yang, 1964
  • Halictophagus regina J. Fox, 1967
  • Halictophagus samoanus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Halictophagus sarawakensis Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Halictophagus scheveni Kinzelbach, 1972
  • Halictophagus schwarzii Perkins, 1905
  • Halictophagus serratus Bohart, 1943
  • Halictophagus shepardi Barrion and Litsinger, 1989
  • Halictophagus silwoodensis Waloff, 1981
  • Halictophagus sodeni Hofeneder, 1949
  • Halictophagus steffani Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Halictophagus stellatus Yang, 1964
  • Halictophagus stenodes Perkins, 1905
  • Halictophagus tenebrosus Chaudhuri, Ghosh and Das Gupta, 1983
  • Halictophagus tettigometrae Silvestri, 1934
  • Halictophagus thaiae Kifune, 1983
  • Halictophagus thoracicus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Halictophagus trigonodontos Cook, 2013
  • Halictophagus tryoni (Perkins, 1905)
  • Halictophagus uhleri (Pierce, 1909)
  • Halictophagus urucui Kogan, 2012
  • Halictophagus variatus Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Halictoxenos anneckei Pasteels, 1958
  • Halictoxenos arnoldi Perkins, 1918
  • Halictoxenos borealis Kifune, Hirashima and Maeta, 1982
  • Halictoxenos crawfordi Pierce, 1909
  • Halictoxenos cupreolae Trois, 1982
  • Halictoxenos duplicis Kifune, 1991
  • Halictoxenos evylaei Kifune, 1991
  • Halictoxenos hayekae Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Halictoxenos hondonis Kifune, 1991
  • Halictoxenos japonicus Kifune, Hirashima and Maeta, 1982
  • Halictoxenos jonesi Pierce, 1908
  • Halictoxenos knereri Pohl and Kinzelbach, 1995
  • Halictoxenos latifemoralis Kifune, Hirashima and Maeta, 1982
  • Halictoxenos manilae Pierce, 1909
  • Halictoxenos mirabilis Kifune, Hirashima and Maeta, 1982
  • Halictoxenos nambui Kifune, 1991
  • Halictoxenos nitidusculus Ogloblin, 1924
  • Halictoxenos nymphaeari Pierce, 1911
  • Halictoxenos proditus Trois, 1982
  • Halictoxenos puncticollis Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1924
  • Halictoxenos robbii Pierce, 1909
  • Halictoxenos rubicundi Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1924
  • Halictoxenos sajoi Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1924
  • Halictoxenos schwarzi (Pierce, 1908)
  • Halictoxenos simplicis Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1924
  • Halictoxenos spencei (Nassonow, 1893)
  • Halictoxenos tumulorum Perkins, 1918
  • Halictoxenos ulrichi Hofeneder, 1939
  • Halictoxenos viridulae Pierce, 1911
  • Hylecthrus californicus Bohart, 1941
  • Hylecthrus rubi Saunders, 1850
  • Hylecthrus taiwan Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Jantarostylops kinzelbachi Kulicka, 2001
  • Kinzelbachus friesei (Hofeneder, 1949)
  • Loania canadensis Kinzelbach, 1970
  • Loania cryophila (Johnson, 1976)
  • Lychnocolax aerius Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Lychnocolax champloni Luna de Carvalho, 1967
  • Lychnocolax chinensis Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Lychnocolax drysdalensis Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Lychnocolax henricarvalhensis Luna de Carvalho, 1967
  • Lychnocolax hispanicus Kathirithamby and Kifune, 1991
  • Lychnocolax insularis Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Lychnocolax lundensis Luna de Carvalho, 1956
  • Lychnocolax maxillaris Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Lychnocolax mindanao Bohart, 1951
  • Lychnocolax mindoro Bohart, 1951
  • Lychnocolax neobritannicus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Lychnocolax nigeriensis Kifune, 1987
  • Lychnocolax novaeguineae Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Lychnocolax orientalis Kifune, 1981
  • Lychnocolax ovatus Bohart, 1951
  • Lychnocolax palpalis Bohart, 1951
  • Lychnocolax postorbis Bohart, 1951
  • Lychnocolax redinhai Luna de Carvalho, 1956
  • Lychnocolax similis Chaudhuri, Ghosh and Das Gupta, 1983
  • Lychnocolax simplex Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Lychnocolax solomon Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Lychnocolax vietnamicus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Malagasyxenos gymnostoma Cook and Tribull, 2013
  • Malayaxenos capillipenis Mazumdar and Mitra, 2011
  • Malayaxenos kitaokai Kifune, 1981
  • Malayaxenos trapezonoti Pohl and Melber, 1996
  • Melittostylops hesparapium Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Mengea mengei Kulicka, 1979
  • Mengea tertiaria Grote, 1886
  • Mengenilla arabica Kinzelbach, 1979
  • Mengenilla australiensis Kifune and Hirashima, 1983
  • Mengenilla chobauti Hofeneder, 1910
  • Mengenilla gracilipes (Lea, 1910)
  • Mengenilla kaszabi Kinzelbach, 1970
  • Mengenilla leucomma Cook, 2007
  • Mengenilla marikovskii Medvedev, 1970
  • Mengenilla mendesi Luna de Carvalho, 2006
  • Mengenilla moldrzyki Pohl et al., 2012
  • Mengenilla orientalis Kifune and Hirashima, 1980
  • Mengenilla parvula Silvestri, 1941
  • Mengenilla sinensis Miyamoto, 1960
  • Mufagaa talhouki Kinzelbach, 1980
  • Myrmecolax arcuatus Lu and Liu, 2014
  • Myrmecolax bifurcatus Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Myrmecolax blickenstaffi J. Fox, 1967
  • Myrmecolax borgmeieri Hofeneder, 1949
  • Myrmecolax chantaneeae Kifune and Hirashima, 1979
  • Myrmecolax congoensis Silvestri, 1939
  • Myrmecolax culionensis Bohart, 1951
  • Myrmecolax danielssoni Kathirithamby, 1994
  • Myrmecolax flagellatus (de Meijere, 1908)
  • Myrmecolax furcatus Bohart, 1951
  • Myrmecolax genitalis Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Myrmecolax glaesi Kinzelbach, 1983
  • Myrmecolax incautus Oliveira and Kogan, 1959
  • Myrmecolax kpelle J. Fox, 1967
  • Myrmecolax leleupi Pasteels, 1956
  • Myrmecolax liberiensis J. Fox, 1967
  • Myrmecolax longipalpis Kogan and Oliveira, 1964
  • Myrmecolax longipes Luna de Carvalho, 1972
  • Myrmecolax lunai (J. Fox and R. Fox, 1964)
  • Myrmecolax lundensis Luna de Carvalho, 1959
  • Myrmecolax malayensis Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Myrmecolax mano J. Fox, 1967
  • Myrmecolax myrmecinus Kifune, 1987
  • Myrmecolax nietneri Westwood, 1861
  • Myrmecolax odontognathus Kogan and Oliveira, 1964
  • Myrmecolax oglobini Luna de Carvalho, 1973
  • Myrmecolax pachygnathus Lu and Liu, 2014
  • Myrmecolax parvus J. Fox, 1967
  • Myrmecolax philippinensis Bohart, 1941
  • Myrmecolax pierci (Chattopadhyay and Chaudhuri, 1980)
  • Myrmecolax plantipes (Chaudhuri in Chaudhuri et al., 1978)
  • Myrmecolax pseudolundensis Luna de Carvalho, 1959
  • Myrmecolax rossi Bohart, 1951
  • Myrmecolax trinidadensis (Günther, 1949)
  • Myrmecolax vadoni Paulian, 1959
  • Palaeomyrmecolax giecewiczi Kulicka, 2001
  • Palaeomyrmecolax gracilis Kulicka, 2001
  • Palaeomyrmecolax succineus Kulicka, 2001
  • Palaeomyrmecolax triangulum (Pohl and Kinzelbach, 1995)
  • Palaeomyrmecolax weitschati (Kinzelbach and Pohl, 1994)
  • Paragioxenos brachypterus Ogloblin, 1923
  • Paraxenos abbotti (Pierce, 1909)
  • Paraxenos altozambeziensis (Luna de Carvalho, 1959)
  • Paraxenos argentinus (Brèthes, 1923)
  • Paraxenos astrolabensis (Székessy, 1956)
  • Paraxenos auripedis (Pierce, 1911)
  • Paraxenos australiensis Kifune and Hirashima, 1987
  • Paraxenos beaumonti (Pasteels, 1951)
  • Paraxenos biroi (Székessy, 1956)
  • Paraxenos bucki Trois, 1984
  • Paraxenos crassidens (Pasteels, 1954)
  • Paraxenos dorae (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
  • Paraxenos duryi (Pierce, 1908)
  • Paraxenos erberi Saunders, 1872
  • Paraxenos erimae (Székessy, 1956)
  • Paraxenos esakii (Hirashima and Kifune, 1962)
  • Paraxenos fasciati (Pierce, 1909)
  • Paraxenos fuliginosi (Brèthes, 1923)
  • Paraxenos hofenederi (Pasteels, 1956)
  • Paraxenos hofenederianus Luna de Carvalho, 1978
  • Paraxenos hungaricus (Székessy, 1955)
  • Paraxenos inclusus (Oliveira and Kogan, 1963)
  • Paraxenos indicus (Pierce, 1911)
  • Paraxenos krombeini Kifune and Hirashima, 1987
  • Paraxenos kurosawai Kifune, 1984
  • Paraxenos laetum (Ogloblin, 1926)
  • Paraxenos luctuosae (Pierce, 1911)
  • Paraxenos lugubris (Pierce, 1908)
  • Paraxenos mendozae (Brèthes, 1923)
  • Paraxenos nagatomii Kifune, 1985
  • Paraxenos novaeguineae (Székessy, 1956)
  • Paraxenos occidentalis Kifune and Hirashima, 1987
  • Paraxenos orientalis Kifune, 1985
  • Paraxenos piercei (Brèthes, 1923)
  • Paraxenos polli (Pasteels, 1956)
  • Paraxenos reticulatus Luna de Carvalho, 1972
  • Paraxenos rieki (Pasteels, 1956)
  • Paraxenos simplex (Székessy, 1956)
  • Paraxenos sinuatus (Pasteels, 1956)
  • Paraxenos sphecidarum (Dufour, 1837)
  • Paraxenos striati (Brèthes, 1923)
  • Paraxenos taschenbergi (Brèthes, 1923)
  • Paraxenos teres (Pasteels, 1950)
  • Paraxenos vanderiisti (Pasteels, 1952)
  • Paraxenos westwoodi (Templeton, 1841)
  • Proceroxenos jordanicus Pohl, Katbeh-Bader and Schneider, 1996
  • Protelencholax schleei Kinzelbach, 1979
  • Protoxenos janzeni Pohl, Beutel and Kinzelbach, 2005
  • Pseudococcites eocaenicus Haupt, 1950
  • Pseudoxenos andradei Luna de Carvalho, 1953
  • Pseudoxenos arvensidis Pierce, 1911
  • Pseudoxenos atlanticus Luna de Carvalho, 1969
  • Pseudoxenos bequaerti Luna de Carvalho, 1956
  • Pseudoxenos bidentatus Pasteels, 1950
  • Pseudoxenos bishoppi (Pierce, 1909)
  • Pseudoxenos corcyricus Saunders, 1872
  • Pseudoxenos erynnidis Pierce, 1911
  • Pseudoxenos foraminati Pierce, 1911
  • Pseudoxenos fundati Pierce, 1911
  • Pseudoxenos heydenii (Saunders, 1853)
  • Pseudoxenos hirokoae Kifune and Yamane, 1992
  • Pseudoxenos hookeri (Pierce, 1909)
  • Pseudoxenos huastecae Székessy, 1965
  • Pseudoxenos insularis Kifune, 1983
  • Pseudoxenos itatiaiae (Trois, 1984)
  • Pseudoxenos iwatai Esaki, 1931
  • Pseudoxenos jonesi (Pierce, 1909)
  • Pseudoxenos klugii (Saunders, 1853)
  • Pseudoxenos laetum Ogloblin, 1926
  • Pseudoxenos louisianae (Pierce, 1909)
  • Pseudoxenos lusitanicus Luna de Carvalho, 1960
  • Pseudoxenos minor Kifune and Maeta, 1978
  • Pseudoxenos neomexicanus Pierce, 1918
  • Pseudoxenos papuanus Székessy, 1956
  • Pseudoxenos piercei (Brèthes, 1922)
  • Pseudoxenos prolificum Teson and Remes Lenicov, 1979
  • Pseudoxenos robertsoni Pierce, 1911
  • Pseudoxenos ropalidiae Kinzelbach, 1975
  • Pseudoxenos rueppelli Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Pseudoxenos schaumii Saunders, 1872
  • Pseudoxenos schultzei Kifune and Maeta, 1965
  • Pseudoxenos seyrigi Monod, 1925
  • Pseudoxenos tigridis Pierce, 1911
  • Pseudoxenos vigili (Brèthes, 1923)
  • Rozenia callidiopsidis Straka, Juzová and Batelka, 2014
  • Rozenia peruana Straka, Juzová and Batelka, 2014
  • Rozenia platicephala Straka, Juzová and Batelka, 2014
  • Stenocranophilus anomalocerus (Pierce, 1918)
  • Stenocranophilus canadiensis Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Stenocranophilus dicranotropidis (Pierce, 1918)
  • Stenocranophilus perkinsiellae (Pierce, 1918)
  • Stenocranophilus quadratus Pierce, 1914
  • Stichotrema acutipennis (Kogan and Oliveira, 1964)
  • Stichotrema ambiguum Kifune and Hirashima, 1980
  • Stichotrema angolensis (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
  • Stichotrema anomalum (Luna de Carvalho, 1959)
  • Stichotrema asahinai Hirashima and Kifune, 1974
  • Stichotrema barrosmachadoi (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
  • Stichotrema bassa (J. Fox, 1967)
  • Stichotrema beckeri (Oliveira and Kogan, 1959)
  • Stichotrema boharti (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
  • Stichotrema capito Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Stichotrema ceylonense Kifune and Hirashima, 1980
  • Stichotrema dallatorreanum Hofeneder, 1910
  • Stichotrema davao (Bohart, 1951)
  • Stichotrema dominicanum Kinzelbach and Pohl, 1994
  • Stichotrema ferenczi Luna de Carvalho, 1973
  • Stichotrema fijiense Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Stichotrema foxe Luna de Carvalho, 1972
  • Stichotrema golias (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
  • Stichotrema gressitti Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Stichotrema harleyi (J. Fox, 1967)
  • Stichotrema hoberlandti (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
  • Stichotrema jeyasothiae Kathirithamby in Kathirithamby et al., 2001
  • Stichotrema kaszabi Luna de Carvalho, 1973
  • Stichotrema krombeini Kifune and Hirashima, 1980
  • Stichotrema kuranda Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Stichotrema laticeps Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Stichotrema lindbergi (Luna de Carvalho, 1959)
  • Stichotrema longiflagellatum Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Stichotrema malayanum Kifune, 1981
  • Stichotrema mendolong Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Stichotrema mexicanum Kifune and Brailovsky, 1987
  • Stichotrema minae Makhan and Ezzatpanah, 2011
  • Stichotrema minus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Stichotrema nasutum (Luna de Carvalho, 1967)
  • Stichotrema pasteelsi (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
  • Stichotrema rectipenne Luna de Carvalho, 1973
  • Stichotrema retrorsum (Bohart, 1951)
  • Stichotrema rhipidocolaxoides (Luna de Carvalho, 1959)
  • Stichotrema robertsoni Kathirithamby, 1991
  • Stichotrema silvaticum Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Stichotrema simile Kifune and Hirashima, 1980
  • Stichotrema szekessyi (Luna de Carvalho, 1959)
  • Stichotrema trilobulatum Brailovsky, 1974
  • Stichotrema vilhenai (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
  • Stichotrema waterhousi Kathirithamby in Kathirithamby et al., 2001
  • Stichotrema webbiense Kathirithamby, 1993
  • Stichotrema yasumatsui Kifune, 1983
  • Stylops aburanae Kifune and Maeta, 1990
  • Stylops advarians Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops aino Kifune and Maeta, 1990
  • Stylops albofasciatae Günther and Sedivi, 1957
  • Stylops alfkeni Hofeneder, 1939
  • Stylops analis Perkins, 1918
  • Stylops andrenaphilus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops apicalis Bohart, 1937
  • Stylops aterrimus Newport, 1851
  • Stylops bimaculatae Perkins, 1918
  • Stylops bipunctatae Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops bisalicidis Pierce, 1918
  • Stylops borcherti Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops borealis Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
  • Stylops bruneri Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops californicus Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops centroclarus Bohart, 1937
  • Stylops championi Pierce, 1918
  • Stylops childreni Gray, 1832
  • Stylops circularis Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
  • Stylops claytoniae Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops collinus Kifune and Maeta, 1990
  • Stylops cornii Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops crawfordi Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops cressoni Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops cuneiformis Bohart, 1936
  • Stylops dalii Curtis, 1828
  • Stylops dentatae Kifune and Maeta, 1990
  • Stylops deserticola Medvedev, 1970
  • Stylops dinizi Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops dominiquei Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops duboisi Bohart, 1937
  • Stylops dunningi Pierce, 1918
  • Stylops duriensis Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops elongatus Bohart, 1937
  • Stylops erigeniae Pierce, 1918
  • Stylops esteponensis Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops flavipedis Hofeneder, 1923
  • Stylops fukuiensis Kifune, 1991
  • Stylops giganteus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops grandior Pierce, 1918
  • Stylops gwynanai Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1928
  • Stylops hamellus Perkins, 1918
  • Stylops heterocingulatus Bohart, 1937
  • Stylops hippotes Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops hirashimai Kifune and Maeta, 1990
  • Stylops ibericus Luna de Carvalho, 1969
  • Stylops izumoensis Kifune and Maeta, 1990
  • Stylops japonicus Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
  • Stylops kaguyae Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
  • Stylops kinzelbachi Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops krygeri Pierce, 1918
  • Stylops leechi Bohart, 1941
  • Stylops liliputanus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops lunai (J. Fox and R. Fox, 1964)
  • Stylops lusohispanicus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops madrilensis Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops mandibularis Pierce, 1911
  • Stylops maxillaris Pasteels, 1949
  • Stylops medionitans Pierce, 1918
  • Stylops melittae Kirby, 1802
  • Stylops moestae Pierce, 1918
  • Stylops moniliaphagus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops montanus Kifune and Maeta, 1990
  • Stylops muelleri Borchert, 1971
  • Stylops multiplicatae Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops murotai Kifune, 1991
  • Stylops nassonowi Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops neonanae Pierce, 1918
  • Stylops neotropicalis Kogan and Poinar, 2010
  • Stylops nevinsoni Perkins, 1918
  • Stylops nipponicus Kifune and Maeta, 1990
  • Stylops nitidae Pasteels, 1954
  • Stylops nitidiusculae Poluszynski, 1927
  • Stylops nubeculae Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops nudae Pierce, 1911
  • Stylops nycthemerae Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1928
  • Stylops obenbergeri Ogloblin, 1923
  • Stylops oblongulus Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
  • Stylops obsoletus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops oklahomae Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops orientis Kifune and Maeta, 1990
  • Stylops ovinae Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1928
  • Stylops pacificus Bohart, 1936
  • Stylops packardi Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops paracuellus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops parvulae Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1928
  • Stylops pasteelsi Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops perkinsi Pasteels, 1949
  • Stylops pilipedis Pierce, 1911
  • Stylops polemonii Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops praecocis Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1927
  • Stylops risleri Kinzelbach, 1967
  • Stylops ruthenicus Schkaff, 1925
  • Stylops salamancanus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops salicifloris Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops savignyi Hofeneder, 1924
  • Stylops shannoni (Pierce, 1918)
  • Stylops solidulae Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops sparsipilosae Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops spencii Pickering, 1835
  • Stylops spretus Perkins, 1918
  • Stylops subcandidae Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops subcircularis Kifune and Maeta, 1990
  • Stylops swenki Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops thwaitei Saunders, 1872
  • Stylops timberlakei Bohart, 1936
  • Stylops transversus Pasteels, 1949
  • Stylops truncatoides Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
  • Stylops truncatus Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
  • Stylops valerianae Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
  • Stylops vandykei Bohart, 1936
  • Stylops ventricosae Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops vicinae Pierce, 1909
  • Stylops warnckei Luna de Carvalho, 1974
  • Stylops xanthurae Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1928
  • Stylops yamatonis Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
  • Tridactylophagus aduncus Maxumdar and Chaudhuri, 1999
  • Tridactylophagus buttonensis Kathirithamby, 1992
  • Tridactylophagus canberraensis Kathirithamby, 1992
  • Tridactylophagus carinatus Maxumdar and Chaudhuri, 1999
  • Tridactylophagus ceylonensis Kifune and Hirashima, 1980
  • Tridactylophagus coniferus Yang, 1964
  • Tridactylophagus harzi Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Tridactylophagus maculatus Chaudhuri, Ghosh and Das Gupta, 1983
  • Tridactylophagus mysorensis Subramaniam, 1932
  • Tridactylophagus orientalis (Chaudhuri and Das Gupta, 1979)
  • Tridactylophagus similis Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Tridactylophagus sinensis Yang, 1964
  • Triozocera africana Luna de Carvalho, 1956
  • Triozocera bedfordiensis Kathirithamby, 1990
  • Triozocera boharti Luna de Carvalho, 1967
  • Triozocera buehrheimi Kogan and Cook, 2014
  • Triozocera ceylonensis Kifune and Hirashima, 1983
  • Triozocera cooloolaensis Kathirithamby, 1990
  • Triozocera couturieri Abdul-Nour, 2002
  • Triozocera curvimaxillaria Kathirithamby, 1990
  • Triozocera dundoana Luna de Carvalho, 1956
  • Triozocera endrodyi Luna de Carvalho, 1973
  • Triozocera gigantea Luna de Carvalho, 1956
  • Triozocera innisfailensis Kathirithamby, 1990
  • Triozocera katherinensis Kathirithamby, 1990
  • Triozocera macroscyti Esaki and Miyamoto, 1958
  • Triozocera maxi J. Fox and R. Fox, 1964
  • Triozocera mexicana Pierce, 1909
  • Triozocera minor Miyamoto and Kifune, 1984
  • Triozocera moorookensis Kathirithamby, 1990
  • Triozocera papuana Kogan and Oliveira, 1964
  • Triozocera paradisea Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
  • Triozocera paulistana Kogan, 1958
  • Triozocera pugiopennis Chaudhuri and Das Gupta, 1979
  • Triozocera rydalmereiensis Kathirithamby, 1990
  • Triozocera siamensis Kifune and Hirashima, 1979
  • Triozocera tecpanensis Brailovsky and Márquez, 1974
  • Triozocera texana Pierce, 1911
  • Triozocera vernalis Kifune and Brailovsky, 1987
  • Uniclavus zambezensis Kathirithamby, 1989
  • Viridipromontoxius vanharteni Luna de Carvalho, 1985
  • Xenos acinctus (Kogan and Oliveira, 1966)
  • Xenos araujoi Oliveira and Kogan, 1962
  • Xenos argentinus Brèthes, 1923
  • Xenos bahiensis (Kogan and Oliveira, 1966)
  • Xenos boharti Hofmann, 1965
  • Xenos bohlsi Hoffman, 1914
  • Xenos bonairensis Brèthes, 1923
  • Xenos brasiliensis (Kogan and Oliveira, 1966)
  • Xenos circularis Kifune and Maeta, 1985
  • Xenos crabronis (Pierce, 1909)
  • Xenos fluminensis (Kogan and Oliveira, 1966)
  • Xenos formosanus Kifune and Maeta, 1985
  • Xenos hamiltoni Kathirithamby and Hughes, 2006
  • Xenos hebraei Kinzelbach, 1978
  • Xenos hospitus Oliveira and Kogan, 1962
  • Xenos hunteri (Pierce, 1909)
  • Xenos indespectus Oliveira and Kogan, 1962
  • Xenos ivei Kifune, 1983
  • Xenos kifunei Cook and Mathison, 1997
  • Xenos minor Kinzelbach, 1971
  • Xenos moutoni (du Buysson, 1903)
  • Xenos myrapetrus (Trois, 1988)
  • Xenos nigrescens Brues, 1903
  • Xenos occidentalis (Kogan and Oliveira, 1966)
  • Xenos oxyodontes Nakase and Kato, 2013
  • Xenos pallidus Brues, 1903
  • Xenos peckii Kirby, 1813
  • Xenos peruensis Kifune, 1979
  • Xenos provesparum Kifune, 1986
  • Xenos rostratus Trois, 1984
  • Xenos rubiginosi (Pierce, 1909)
  • Xenos stuckenbergi Pasteels, 1957
  • Xenos vesparum Rossius, 1793
  • Xenos vespularum Kifune and Maeta, 1975
  • Xenos yamaneorum Kifune and Maeta, 1985
  • Xenos zavattarii (Pierce, 1911)
  • Xenos zikani (Kogan and Oliveira, 1966)

Reference

  1. ^ Whiting, M. F (2003). „Strepsiptera”. Ур.: Resh, V. H.; R. T. Cardé. Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press. стр. 1094–1096. 
  2. ^ Merriam-Webster: stylops broadly: an insect of the order Strepsiptera |[1]
  3. ^ Pierce, W. Dwight (1909). A monographic revision of the twisted winged insects comprising the order Strepsiptera Kirby. Washington: US Government. 

Literatura

Spoljašnje veze

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  • The Peculiar Strepsiptera Life Cycle
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