Circumstellar envelope

Part of a star

A circumstellar envelope (CSE) is a part of a star that has a roughly spherical shape and is not gravitationally bound to the star core. Usually circumstellar envelopes are formed from the dense stellar wind, or they are present before the formation of the star.^[1] Circumstellar envelopes of old stars (Mira variables and OH/IR stars) eventually evolve into protoplanetary nebulae, and circumstellar envelopes of young stellar objects evolve into circumstellar discs.^[2]

Types of circumstellar envelopes

Circumstellar envelopes of AGB stars
Circumstellar envelopes around young stellar objects

References

^ Leao; Patrick De Laverny; Mekarnia; De Medeiros; Benoit Vandame (2007). "The circumstellar envelope of IRC+10216 from milli-arcsecond to arcmin scales". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 455 (1): 187–194. arXiv:astro-ph/0703390. Bibcode:2006A&A...455..187L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054577. S2CID 18535333.
^ Leslie Looney; Lee Mundy; Jack Welch (2003). "Envelope Emission in Young Stellar Systems, A Sub-Arcsecond Survey of Circumstellar Structure". The Astrophysical Journal. 592 (1): 255–265. arXiv:astro-ph/0303640. Bibcode:2003ApJ...592..255L. doi:10.1086/375582. S2CID 15365363.

External links

The Structure and Evolution of Envelopes and Disks in Young Stellar Systems Archived 2013-07-21 at the Wayback Machine

Stars

List

Formation

Accretion
Molecular cloud
Bok globule
Young stellar object
- Protostar
- Pre-main-sequence
- Herbig Ae/Be
- T Tauri
Herbig–Haro object
Hayashi track
Henyey track

Evolution

Classification

Early Late Main sequence O B A F G K M Subdwarf O B WR OB Subgiant Giant Blue Red Yellow Bright giant Supergiant Blue Red Yellow Hypergiant Yellow Carbon S CN CH White dwarf Chemically peculiar Am Ap/Bp CEMP HgMn He-weak Barium Lambda Boötis Lead Technetium Be Shell B[e] Helium Extreme Blue straggler
Remnants	Compact star Parker's star White dwarf Helium planet Neutron Radio-quiet Pulsar Binary X-ray Magnetar Stellar black hole X-ray binary Burster SGR
Hypothetical	Blue dwarf Black dwarf Exotic Boson Electroweak Strange Preon Planck Dark Dark-energy Quark Q Black hole star Black Hawking Quasi-star Gravastar Thorne–Żytkow object Iron Blitzar White hole

Nucleosynthesis

Structure

Core
Convection zone
- Microturbulence
- Oscillations
Radiation zone
Atmosphere
Stellar wind
- Bubble
- Bipolar outflow
Accretion disk
- Protoplanetary disk
- Proplyd
Asteroseismology
- Helioseismology
Circumstellar dust
Cosmic dust
Circumstellar envelope
Eddington luminosity
Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism

Properties

Star systems

Earth-centric
observations

Sun
Pole star
Circumpolar
Constellation
Asterism
Magnitude
- Apparent
- Extinction
- Photographic
Radial velocity
Proper motion
Parallax
Photometric-standard

Lists

Substellar object
- Brown dwarf
  - Sub
- Planet
Galactic year
Galaxy
Guest
Gravity
Intergalactic
Planet-hosting stars
Tidal disruption event

Category
Stars portal

Molecules detected in outer space

Molecules

Diatomic	Aluminium monochloride Aluminium monofluoride Aluminium(II) oxide Argonium Carbon cation Carbon monophosphide Carbon monosulfide Carbon monoxide Cyano radical Diatomic carbon Fluoromethylidynium Helium hydride ion Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen (molecular) Hydroxyl radical Iron(II) oxide Magnesium monohydride Methylidyne radical Nitric oxide Nitrogen (molecular) Imidogen Sulfur mononitride Oxygen (molecular) Phosphorus monoxide Phosphorus mononitride Potassium chloride Silicon carbide Silicon monoxide Silicon monosulfide Sodium chloride Sodium iodide Sulfur monohydride Sulfur monoxide Titanium(II) oxide
Triatomic	Aluminium(I) hydroxide Aluminium isocyanide Amino radical Carbon dioxide Carbonyl sulfide CCP radical Chloronium Diazenylium Dicarbon monoxide Disilicon carbide Ethynyl radical Formyl radical Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) Hydrogen isocyanide (HNC) Hydrogen sulfide Hydroperoxyl Iron cyanide Isoformyl Magnesium cyanide Magnesium isocyanide Methylene radical N₂H⁺ Nitrous oxide Nitroxyl Ozone Phosphaethyne Potassium cyanide Protonated molecular hydrogen Sodium cyanide Sodium hydroxide Silicon carbonitride c-Silicon dicarbide SiNC Sulfur dioxide Thioformyl Thioxoethenylidene Titanium dioxide Tricarbon Water
Four atoms	Acetylene Ammonia Cyanic acid Cyanoethynyl Formaldehyde Fulminic acid HCCN Hydrogen peroxide Hydromagnesium isocyanide Isocyanic acid Isothiocyanic acid Ketenyl Methylene amidogen Methyl cation Methyl radical Propynylidyne Protonated carbon dioxide Protonated hydrogen cyanide Silicon tricarbide Thioformaldehyde Tricarbon monoxide Tricarbon monosulfide Thiocyanic acid
Five atoms	Ammonium ion Butadiynyl Carbodiimide Cyanamide Cyanoacetylene Cyanoformaldehyde Cyanomethyl Cyclopropenylidene Formic acid Isocyanoacetylene Ketene Methane Methoxy radical Methylenimine Propadienylidene Protonated formaldehyde Silane Silicon-carbide cluster
Six atoms	Acetonitrile Cyanobutadiynyl radical E-Cyanomethanimine Cyclopropenone Diacetylene Ethylene Formamide HC₄N Ketenimine Methanethiol Methanol Methyl isocyanide Pentynylidyne Propynal Protonated cyanoacetylene
Seven atoms	Acetaldehyde Acrylonitrile Vinyl cyanide Cyanodiacetylene Ethylene oxide Glycolonitrile Hexatriynyl radical Methylacetylene Methylamine Methyl isocyanate Vinyl alcohol
Eight atoms	Acetic acid Aminoacetonitrile Cyanoallene Ethanimine Glycolaldehyde Hexapentaenylidene Methylcyanoacetylene Methyl formate Propenal
Nine atoms	Acetamide Cyanohexatriyne Cyanotriacetylene Dimethyl ether Ethanol Methyldiacetylene Octatetraynyl radical Propene Propionitrile
Ten atoms or more	Acetone Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀, C₆₀⁺, fullerene, buckyball) C₇₀ fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyanopentaacetylene Cyanotetra-acetylene Ethylene glycol Ethyl formate Methyl acetate Methyl-cyano-diacetylene Methyltriacetylene Propanal n-Propyl cyanide Pyrimidine Heptatrienyl radical